3. Fractures
Fractures of the heel bone (calcaneus) or adjacent foot bones are serious injuries typically resulting from trauma such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, or repetitive stress leading to stress fractures. These fractures often present with intense heel pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bearing weight.
Because heel fractures can impair foot mechanics and mobility, prompt medical assessment is essential. Diagnosis usually involves X-rays or advanced imaging like CT scans to determine the fracture type and displacement.
Treatment depends on fracture severity and may range from immobilization with a cast or boot to surgical fixation in displaced fractures. Recovery often requires several weeks to months, including physical therapy to regain strength and function.
4. Achilles Tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis is inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which links the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition often develops from overuse, especially in runners, jumpers, or individuals increasing training intensity too rapidly.
Patients report pain at the back of the heel, which worsens with activity and may be accompanied by stiffness and swelling along the tendon. The pain is typically worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Management includes:
- Reducing or modifying activities that exacerbate symptoms
- Applying ice to decrease inflammation
- Stretching and strengthening exercises for the calf muscles
- Using heel lifts or orthotics to reduce tendon strain
- Taking NSAIDs under medical advice
Persistent cases may need physical therapy or evaluation for possible tendon degeneration or rupture risk.
